Born in Ottawa, Trudeau attended Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf and graduated from McGill University in 1994 and the University of British Columbia in 1998. He gained a high public profile in October 2000, when he delivered a eulogy at his father's state funeral.[5] After graduating, he worked as a teacher in Vancouver, British Columbia. He completed one year of an engineering program at Montreal's École Polytechnique before quitting in 2003. In 2005 he began a master's degree in environmental geography at McGill University but quit after one year. He used his public profile to advocate for various causes and acted in the 2007 TV miniseries The Great War.

Harper has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Calgary Southwest in Alberta since 2002. Earlier, from 1993 to 1997, he was the MP for Calgary West. He was one of the founding members of the Reform Party, but ended his first stint as an MP to join, and shortly thereafter head, the National Citizens Coalition.

Harper has not pursue armorial bearings.

Martin introduced changes to the equalization program, under which the Federal Government is constitutionally obligated to redistribute federal revenue to provinces having less ability to raise revenues through taxation than wealthier provinces. The goal in doing so is to ensure uniformity of public service provision across the nation. Martin also negotiated a ten year, $41 billion dollar plan to improve health care and reduce wait times. He signed agreements with all provinces to establish a national early learning and child care program.

Chrétien turned most of his attention to clearing away the massive debt he had inherited from the Trudeau and Mulroney eras. He was assisted by Martin. The government began a program of deep cuts to provincial transfers and other areas of government finance. During his tenure as Prime Minister, a $42 billion deficit was eliminated, five consecutive budget surpluses were recorded, $36 billion in debt was paid down, and taxes were cut by $100 billion (cumulatively) over 5 years.

In a surprisingly close leadership race, Campbell outlasted Jean Charest to take office as Canada's first female prime minister on June 25, 1993. Her first act was to reduce the size of Cabinet.

Running against a Liberal Party burdened by the dislike of Trudeau and John Turner, Mulroney won 211 seats, 58 in Québec. It was the largest majority in Canadian history.

Increasingly, Turner came into conflict with Trudeau over economic policy, and in a surprise move in September 1975, he resigned from Cabinet altogether. Turner stayed out of politics until Trudeau's retirement in 1984. Turner entered the leadership race, defeating Jean Chrétien to become prime minister. He was regarded as the "golden boy," promising a new business-like approach to politics and the Liberal party.

Pierre Trudeau Biographies - Pierre Trudeau was first elected Canada's prime minister in 1968. He remained in power over the following 16 years until 1979.

Leading Canada again from 1980 to 1984, the influence of Trudeau's policies and actions is still strong and very evident in Canadian politics today. Pierre Trudeau's status as a political giant in Canadian history is indisputable.

Clark was the first Progressive Conservative to head Canada's federal government since the defeat of John Diefenbaker's Progressive Conservative government in the 1963 election. With a minority government in the House of Commons, Clark had to rely on the support of the Social Credit Party, with its six seats, or the New Democratic Party (NDP), with its 26 seats. At the time, Opposition leader Trudeau said that he would allow the Progressive Conservatives a chance to govern, though he warned the Prime Minister against dismantling Petro-Canada, which was unpopular in Clark's home province of Alberta.

During his time as Prime Minister, Pearson's minority government introduced universal health care, student loans, the Canada Pension Plan, the Order of Canada, and the current Canadian flag. During his tenure, Prime Minister Pearson also convened the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism. With these accomplishments, together with his groundbreaking work at the United Nations, and in international diplomacy, Pearson is generally considered among the most influential Canadians of the 20th century.

He is the only Canadian Prime Minister to win six majority governments. He was the major proponent of a national railway, completed in 1885, linking Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans. He won praise for having helped forge a nation of sprawling geographic size, with two diverse European colonial origins, numerous Aboriginal nations, and a multiplicity of cultural backgrounds and political views.

Macdonald was a Freemason, initiated in 1844 at St. John's Lodge No. 5 in Kingston. In 1868, he was named by the United Grand Lodge of England as its Grand Representative near the Grand Lodge of Canada (in Ontario) and the rank of Past Grand Senior Warden conferred upon him. He continued to represent the Grand Lodge of England until his death in 1891.

Suspended from the arms is the collar of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (civil division). Macdonald was appointed a KCB in 1867 and elevated to a GCB in 1884.